Selected Courses on Digital Art-UOWM

         Computer Art > Multimedia Art > New Media

• art that uses digital technologies as a tool 
• art that uses digital technologies as its own medium 
  Technical History of Digital Art 

• limited to military, academic, and consumer cultureo As We May Think by army scientist Vannevar Bush imagined the 
  first computero Men, Machines and the World Apart by Norbert Wiener 
• 1946 – ENICA the University of Pennsylvania created the first digital computer 
• 1961 – Theodor Nelson coined the terms Hypertext and and Hypermedia to describe texts in which images and sounds could be linked 
• 1964 – RAND Corporation (Cold War think tank) conceptualized the internet as a communication network without central authority that could be safe from a nuclear attack 
• 1968 – Douglas Engelbart from the Stanford Research Institute created came up with the idea of bitmapping, windows, and direct manipulation through a mouse 
  o Bitmapping: each pixel of a computer screen is a assigned on/off (0-1). The computer screen could then be divided into a grid of pixels that create a 2D image 
• 1970’s – Alan Kay of the Xerox Parc in Palo Alto, CA developed the GUI (graphical user interface), and the “desktop” metaphor popularized bu Apple in 1983 
  
  
  Evolution of Digital Art

• developed in connection to Dada and Fluxus: conceptual art has challenged the traditional notions of the art work, audience, and artist 
• 1984 – William Gibson coined the term “cyberspace” in his novel Neruomancer 
• 1990’s – Digital art began making it’s way into museums and galleries 
• digital arts festivals 
  o ICC (Tokyo, Japan)o ZKM (Karlsruhe, Germany)o Ars Electronica (Linz, Austria)o Transmediale (Berlin, Germany) o SIGGRAPH (Los Angeles, USA)